7.03 Path-lifting: uniqueness

Below the video you will find accompanying notes and some pre-class questions.

Notes

(0.00) In the last section, we saw that if you have a path γ in X starting at x=γ(0), a covering space p:YX and a point yp1(x) then there exists a lifted path ˜γ in Y with ˜γ(0)=y. In this section, we will see that this lift is unique.

Uniqueness of lifts

(1.00) We will prove the following, more general, result.

Let p:YX be a covering space. Let T be a connected space. Let F:TX be a continuous map. Then two lifts ˜F1,˜F2:TY are equal for all tT if and only if they are equal for some tT.

(2.35) For path lifting, T=[0,1] and F=γ; the lemma will imply that two lifts which agree at 0[0,1] agree everywhere.

(2.49) Recall that ˜F is a lift if p˜F=F.

(3.14) We need to prove that if ˜F1(t)=˜F2(t) for some tT then ˜F1(t)=˜F2(t) for all tT.

Let S={tT : ˜F1(t)=˜F2(t)}. We need to prove that S is open and that TS is open (i.e. S is closed). Since T is connected, this implies that either S= or TS=, so if S is nonempty then S=T and ˜F1˜F2.

(5.22) Given a point tT and let x=F(t). Since p:YX is a covering space, there is an elementary neighourhood WX of x. In Y there are elementary sheets V1 and V2, projecting to W, containing ˜F1(t) and ˜F2(t) respectively.

(7.32) Since ˜F1,˜F2 are continuous, there exist open sets U1,U2T such that tUi and ˜F1(Ui)Vi for i=1,2. Let U=U1U2.

(8.45) We want to show that TS is open, so suppose that tTS. Then I claim that UTS, which will prove that every point in TS has an open neighbourhood contained in TS, which implies that TS is open.

(9.40) The claim can be proved as follows. Since tTS, ˜F1(t)˜F2(t), so V1 and V2 are disjoint. Therefore ˜F1(t)˜F2(t) for all tU (because tU implies ˜F1(t)V1 and ˜F2(t)V2, and V1V2=).

(11.25) We also want to show that S is open, so suppose that tS. Then ˜F1(t)=˜F2(t), so V1=V2=:V. There exists a local inverse q:WV to p, i.e. pq=idW, qp=idV.

(12.53) If tU then ˜F1(t)V and ˜F2(t)V, so q(F(t))=q(p(˜F1(t)))=˜F1(t) and q(F(t))=q(p(˜F2(t)))=˜F2(t), so we deduce that ˜F1(t)=˜F2(t). Therefore ˜F1 and ˜F2 agree on U, which proves that S is open.

This proves the lemma.

Pre-class questions

  1. There is a condition on covering spaces which I'm using in this section but which I forgot to mention in earlier sections. Can you spot what it is?

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